Tag: urban biomes

Urban landscapes are characterized by adaptable urban ecosystems that integrate natural and human-made aspects. This paper argues that building-scale biofacades can make key contributions to these ecosystems beyond conventional green facades. The paper introduces the concept of biofacades as a means of integrating biological processes into facade design, supporting diverse organisms across scales and fostering interconnected urban ecosystems. The Biofacade Classification system is introduced as a framework for vertical building–nature integration. The framework organizes biofacades according to wall layer position, biotic distribution, and operational mode, while also describing associated ecosystem services. Case studies illustrate its capacity to clarify the complexity of building–nature interactions and to encompass engineered solutions ranging from microalgae facades to microbial growth-promoting materials. By positioning facade design as a part of urban biomes, the framework supports architects, planners, and other stakeholders in establishing goals and communicating integrated performance benefits in the effort to create more resilient and ecologically integrated cities.